1.Express easements: arise with express grant or reservation of an easement; must comply with statute of frauds if for more than a

year

2.Easements by implication:
–    easement from prior use by common owner: previous use must have been continuous, apparent (open and

obvious), and reasonably necessary to the dominant land’s use and enjoyment
–    easement by necessity: when property landlocked; exists

even if requirements of prior use are not satisfied; but must be privity; owner of servient estate may choose location if reasonable

3.Easements by prescription: arises like title by adverse possession; four requirements: continuous use for statutory period (default

is 20 years), open and notorious use, actual use (not symbolic), and hostile use (without servient landowner’s permission)

4.Easements by estoppel: created where detrimental reliance based on permission by servient estate holders; there must be reasonable

reliance on the continued performance and inducement for that reliance; reliance must be in good faith; to prevent unjust enrichment

5.Public easements and dedication: general rule is no easement can be created in favor of the public (also called an easement by

custom); dedication can be express or implied
6.    Negative easements: must be expressly created by writing signed by grantor; only

recognized in four categories: light, air, support, stream water from an artificial flow